mcbride



T. c McBRiDE.

SURFACE CONDENSER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY'I. 191s.

Patentedduly 29, 191.9.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

.T. C. McBRIDE.

SURFACE CONDENSER.

APPLICATION, FILED WAY 1. I916.

- 1,3 1 1,239. Patented July :29, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES:

" A From/Ens (loosed at we r ores-Es rsrssr am THGIEIA C, MCBRIDE, 9F PEILADELFHIA, PEIG'NSYLVANIK 5UIFACE CCHDENSER.

. W Specification of Letters Patent.

Application see m 1, was.

To all who)? it may concern:

i it known that I, THoMAs C. McEnroe, zen of the United States, residing in the r: by and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented ,a new and useful Surface Condenser, of which the following is a specification.

My invention consisi's condenser in which the passed through the tubes thereby effecting not only amount of cooling Water reduct on in the power to pump it.

it is swell known fact that bill; very likitle liens is taken up by the cooling water which passes through the toliesin proximity to the outlet opening which is connected to the air pump. This Wa ter and the power necessary to pump it are therefore largely westeii,

This is clue to the facet-inst the air and iioiicondensible vapors entering and passing through the condenser with the steam, While they form so eXt-remel small proportion of 5c iii cooling water is in a novel manner, s reduction-.111 the the immense volume of steam as it enters the condenser are a very appreciable portion of the volume of steam that is left still uncoov and near the outlet to the air pomp. This large proportion of air mixed with the steam not only lowers its iemperasure. out also acts as close air alone, and requires much wearer surface to transmit Bile some ornount ofilieet than is required by steam.

As the process above described is gradual and progressive, the steam proportion must be the least and the air proportion the greet est ill? the outlet opening co the air pump and the comlenser cubes located at this poins will isl'c up tlie leastamount of heat of soy in the condenser and therefore will be of lowest efiicicncy. Furbliennore, the tubes must become more and more efficient with increased distancev from the outlet opening to. the air pump, measure the steam path through the condenser owing to the increase of the proportion of steam i/o air. The function of the tubes nearest the ouilet opening to the air pump is therefore principally that-of cooling air, while-in the balance of the condenser, tubes is that of condensing steem.

A partition is frequently used in surface condensers in order to give the steam ami sir approaching the opening to the air pump a little more clefinite direction and; e loo er gamble between the buses and this vpartition of e novel surface required but also e through cl backward along the function of the- Peseosed July 29, Serial Ho. 94,5?7.

and the tubes incloseoi Within it are called the cooler,

It will be apps-rent, however, their iliisofi from the balance of she condenser cncl the tubes Wiiliin it but also the tubes surrounding the outlet opening" to the air pump where no partition is used, the function tubes being their of cooling air more then the: of coiiolensing steam,

The Waste of cooling water and the power necessary to pump it most serious is single pass condensers wherein the Water enters one cool of the condenser, passes iliroogli all the tubes of the condenser and leaves it she other end. of the condenser. It is also 2. foo tor in two-poss condensers Where the aiter first passes throngs one he f generally the loottom half of the tubes, then some back 2115. passes in the oppositeidirection through the other half tubes, in spite of the fact of the which has foiled to be taken up in going any oi the tubes in tne'firsi; pass With the above conditions 1nv1ew ll? is the object ofmy present invention to eliminate this waste of Water and ing the times that; the Water in those in proximity to size outlet opening to the air pump or in and hes: ill-e cooler' will D2155 back and forth ihrcogh "the concleios greater number of power by so group inmcs than tile we the condenser proper.

My invention consisais of a novel coes ce tion and arrangement of a surface 0011C r with a cooler having plurality of po se some of the passes having a greater number of tubes than the other passes moi prei liming the greatest number of tubes in first pass with a (loci-"easing number of belies iii the succeeding passes.

It further consisfis of s novel construction enol arrangement of tuloes and a. novel core sir-notion and arrangement of percitions befies, wlierehyiherequisiee results are oitamed.

'O'ther novel foasurcs of consiruction ea l sclventsfie will hereiosfrer more clearl e pear in the detailed iissci iption of my invenoir For the purpose of illustrating my inven-v tion, I have shown in. the accompanying drawing a typical embodiment which will illustrate the principles of the invention and which in practice Will-give satisfactory and reliable results, although it is of course to be understood that the various instrumentalities of which my invention consists can be 'ariously arranged and organized and that my invention is not limited to the precise arrangement and organization of these inair pump suction may be called the cooler whether 1t 1s partially lnclosed in a partition or not, as its function is to cool the air and uncondensable vapors before they leave the condenser.

It IS desirable to place the first pass of the cooler whose tubes carry the coolest water next to the outlet to the air pump with successive passes arranged in order, so that the linal pass will be next to or part of the condenser itself. Under these conditions, the pass of the cooler because of its location will receive the least heat per unit surface and the succeeding passes more and more hmt.

in my present invention, therefore, the first pass has the greatest number of tubes and the succeeding passes a decreasing number of tubes, thus causing a lower water velocity and a decreased triction loss in the first pass with increased velocity within the succeeding passes. By this arrangement, ad *antage is taken of the tact that the power of the water side of the tube surface to transmit heat. increases with the increase of the velocity of the water in the tubes and an endeavor is made to so proportion the number of the tubes in the several passes, that the heattransmitting power of the water side of the tube surface will always be equal to or slightly greater than that ot the steam side of the tube surface at all points througln out the cooler, thus keeping the water velocity down to the lowest point possible without reducing the heat transtcrri ng power of the tube surface, and likewise reducing the power necessary for pumping the water.

1 designates a condenser embodying my invention and provided. with a steamlnlet 2 at its top and with apart- 3 which is in cone tion to apply the principle here invo! red 'a two-pass condenser by using a three 3 munication With the air pump in any desired. or conventional manner. a designates the hot Well at the bottom, the function of which is to collect the water of condensation.

5 designates a longitudinally cxtcmling battle which inclines downwardtv from the side wall of the condenser above the port and terminates in a downward extension ii. 7 designates a. cooler having the passes S. J and 10. This divides the tubes in the cooler into three sections, the pass 8 having the greatest number of tubes, the pass 9 an iii-- termediat-o numbe and the pass 10 the smallest number of tubes. 11 designates the main pass of the condenser.

The cooling water enters through the water inlet 12 into the water chamber 13 and passes through the tubes in the main pass 11 to the water chamber 1% at the oppo site end of the condenser and thence through the outlet 15 to the waste or to a desired point of utilization. A portion. of the cooling water passes from the water chamber through the tubes in the pass 8, therefrom into the chamber 16 formed by the partition 17. V This cooling water then passes from the chamber 16 through the tubes in the pass 9 and therefrom into the chamber 18 formed by the plate 19 and thence through the tubes in the pass 10 to the water chamber lat and the outlet 15. The water is thus directed back and forth through the cooler by appropriate partitions in the two water chambers at the ends of the condenser.

In the form illustrated, which is a single-- pass condenser, the water passes; throu 'h the main condenser but once and the w; going through the cooler passes back forth three times, thus having an portunity to take up its full quota of heat before going to waste in spite of the low heat transmitting power of the tube surface in the cooler, because of the great primortion of air mixed with the steam surroumling these tubes. 7

It is also within the scope of my in.

til-

coolcr in the bottom halt, the water which joins the water from the bottom hall and passes with it to and through the top half. It is advisable in some cases to make the major part of the condenser two-pass and the balance tour-pass, which latter may have the first two of the tour passes in the cooler with the other two passes ou le. The first of the tour passes because its having the coldest water, would be in front of'the opening to the air pump suction and the next pass between this and the entraiu'e to the cooler. The third and fourth passes maybe in the condcnscr.

It is desirable in, some cases to make one of the passes of the cooler a return pipe stead of a bank of tubes. or instead of the varied or regulated.

last pass, to carry the water leaving next to the last pass directly off to the waste through a separate opening from'tlie proper water chamber of the condenser. Thus, a single pass condenser might have a two-pass cooler, the condenser having but; one water' inlet but two water outlets, one from the condenser itself and the other from the cooler or it might have independent water inlets for the condenser and for the cooler, and a common outlet for both. Furthermore', the Water connections to or from the condenser or cooler might-have valves in them so that the amount of water passing through the condenser or cooler could be It is also within the scope of my invention 0 place gates or. valves and 2l respectively, see Fig. 2, in the partitions in the amount of water may be varied as desired.

be desired toso arrange these water boxes, so that. the numberof passes in the cooler can be mod ified, or by partly opening these gates or valves, the relative passing through the condenser and. the several passes of' the cooler i Thus,'in a single pass condenser and a three-pass cooler, the opening of these valves will change the cooler to a single pass likev the condenser,

and this condition is sometimes desirable to meet excessive overload with a reduced vacuum, especially if an additional circulating water pump is available. It might also the coolercould run with less passes in the summer than in the winter time.

' It .will be apparent that I provide an'unequal number of tubes in the different passes preferably have the pass In the embodiment illustrated, Iforma bodiments thereof which will single pass surface condenser with a multi- In certain cases it is advanpass'es. outside of the cooler proper as seen in Fig. 3.

It will now be apparent that I have devised a new and useful construction of a sur-' face condenser which embodies the features of advantage enumerated as desirable in the statement of the invention and the above dcscription, and while I have, in the present instance, shown and described preferred emgivein pracreliable results, it is the same are susceptitice satisfactory and to be understood that Me of modification in various, particulars.

without d eparting' from the spirit oi-scope of the. invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

valves that Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A surface condenser or cooler, provided with means to cause the cooling water to separate and a portion of it to pass a greater ,nun' b'er of times through the tubes in that part of the condenser in the neighborhood of the outlet opening ;.from the condenser to the air pum rthan in the balance of the 'condenser, there being an unequal number of tubes in the several sections or passes in the neighborhood of the outlet opening from the condenser-to the air pump.

2. A surface condenser or cooler, provided with means to cause the cooling water to separate and a portion of it to pass a greater number of times through the tubes in that part of the condenser in the neighborhood of the outleto, ening from the condenser to the air pump than in the balance of the condenser, there being an unequal number of tubes in the several sections or passes in the neighborhoodof the outlet opening from the condenser to the air pump, and the first section immediately at the outlet opening from the condenser-to the the-greatestnuinber of tubes.

A condenser withone part having a greater number of passes than the other, the cooling Water passing separately through such two parts, some. of the passes'of the former part being arranged in front of the outlet opening-from the/condenser to the air pump, and the pass nearest opening, containing the largest tubes. 7 1 4. A surface condenser or cooler, provided Withmeans to cause the cooling water to separate and a portion of it to number of timcs through the part of the condenser in the neighborh'dod -of the outlet opening from the condenser .to the air pumpthan in the balance of the condenser, the water in the first part first number of ,tubes in that passing through the tubes right .in front ofair pump having pass a greater condenser, with a the outlet 

